Markers + reference

Betula

21 species · Betulaceae · Fagales

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Species 21
Genome length 160–161 kb
Candidate markers 267
Primer pairs 90

Genome-wide nucleotide diversity

Sliding-window nucleotide diversity
Sliding-window nucleotide diversity (π) across the plastome.

Candidate markers

8 hotspot labels from the diversity plot in genomic order, plus the top 10 remaining regions by MarkerSeek score (out of 267 candidates).

Label Region Length (bp) Pi Alignment reliability MarkerSeek score Primer available Action
trnK-UUU-rps16 LSC 1242 0.0076 0.95 62.1 yes View details
trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC LSC 973 0.0079 0.96 62.5 yes View details
trnT-GGU-psbD LSC 1500 0.0085 0.96 59.9 yes View details
psbZ-trnG-GCC LSC 501 0.0201 0.93 66.6 yes View details
ndhC-trnV-UAC LSC 994 0.0354 0.78 82.6 yes View details
trnN-GUU-ndhF IRb 1843 0.0192 0.90 56.6 yes View details
ndhF-rpl32 SSC 660 0.0121 0.97 64.2 yes View details
rpl32-trnL-UAG SSC 1376 0.0074 0.96 53.4 yes View details
rpl22-rps19 LSC 54 0.0422 0.96 58.6 yes View details
rps16-trnQ-UUG LSC 686 0.0037 0.94 58.4 yes View details
trnE-UUC-trnT-GGU LSC 998 0.0017 0.91 55.8 yes View details
petA-psbJ LSC 1097 0.0039 1.00 55.7 yes View details
trnR-UCU-atpA LSC 310 0.0103 1.00 52.1 yes View details
atpA-atpF LSC 55 0.0181 1.00 51.9 yes View details
trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU LSC 363 0.0092 0.92 51.2 yes View details
trnM-CAU-atpE LSC 219 0.0078 1.00 51.0 yes View details
trnP-UGG-psaJ LSC 446 0.0039 0.98 50.6 yes View details
psaA-ycf3 LSC 774 0.0007 0.99 49.8 yes View details
Candidate markers include all hotspot labels marked in the diversity plot, listed in genomic order, plus the top 10 remaining regions by MarkerSeek score. Primer design is attempted for every listed region. Primer available: yes means at least one valid primer pair was found; no means no valid pair passed screening; NA means primer design was skipped.

Primer pairs

Showing the top 30 of 90 primer pairs (ranked by primer score).

Primer ID Label Forward Reverse Amplicon (bp) Cross-species rate Score
trnK-UUU-rps16_p1 trnK-UUU-rps16 AGTCGCGGTCTTACAAACTC ACATTTCAAAGAAGGCGGGA 1360–1497 1.000 83.4
trnK-UUU-rps16_p2 trnK-UUU-rps16 GTCGCGGTCTTACAAACTCT ACATTTCAAAGAAGGCGGGA 1359–1496 1.000 83.4
trnK-UUU-rps16_p3 trnK-UUU-rps16 GTCGCGGTCTTACAAACTCT TCAAAGAAGGCGGGAGTTTT 1354–1491 1.000 82.9
trnK-UUU-rps16_p4 trnK-UUU-rps16 GTCGCGGTCTTACAAACTCT TTCAAAGAAGGCGGGAGTTT 1355–1492 1.000 82.9
trnK-UUU-rps16_p5 trnK-UUU-rps16 GTCGCGGTCTTACAAACTCT TTTCAAAGAAGGCGGGAGTT 1356–1493 1.000 82.9
rps16-trnQ-UUG_p1 rps16-trnQ-UUG CACAGCCGACCATATCCTTC GAGGTTCGAATCCTTCCGTC 679–985 1.000 83.7
rps16-trnQ-UUG_p2 rps16-trnQ-UUG AAGTCGCACGTTGCTTTCTA GAGGTTCGAATCCTTCCGTC 659–965 1.000 83.7
rps16-trnQ-UUG_p3 rps16-trnQ-UUG GTAAGAATCCACAGCCGACC GAGGTTCGAATCCTTCCGTC 688–994 1.000 82.0
rps16-trnQ-UUG_p4 rps16-trnQ-UUG TGTAAGAATCCACAGCCGAC GAGGTTCGAATCCTTCCGTC 689–995 1.000 81.7
rps16-trnQ-UUG_p5 rps16-trnQ-UUG ACAGCCGACCATATCCTTCA GAGGTTCGAATCCTTCCGTC 678–984 1.000 80.7
trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC_p1 trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC CAATCCGACGCTTTAGTCCA AGGGATTAACAGAACGAATCACA 991–1069 1.000 60.8
trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC_p2 trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC AATCCGACGCTTTAGTCCAC AGGGATTAACAGAACGAATCACA 990–1068 1.000 60.8
trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC_p3 trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC CAATCCGACGCTTTAGTCCA GGGATTAACAGAACGAATCACAC 990–1068 1.000 60.4
trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC_p4 trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC AATCCGACGCTTTAGTCCAC GGGATTAACAGAACGAATCACAC 989–1067 1.000 60.4
trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC_p5 trnS-GCU-trnG-UCC ACAAAAGCGGAAAGAGAGGG AGGGATTAACAGAACGAATCACA 1051–1129 1.000 59.9
trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU_p1 trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU AGCCTTCCAAGCTAACGATG AGAAGACCTCTGTCCTATCCA 413–471 1.000 69.9
trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU_p2 trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU CCTAGCCTTCCAAGCTAACG AGAAGACCTCTGTCCTATCCA 416–474 1.000 69.6
trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU_p3 trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU AGCCTTCCAAGCTAACGATG AGGTTTAGAAGACCTCTGTCCT 419–477 1.000 69.2
trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU_p4 trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU CCTAGCCTTCCAAGCTAACG AGGTTTAGAAGACCTCTGTCCT 422–480 1.000 68.9
trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU_p5 trnG-UCC-trnR-UCU ACCAAAGTTTCACGTTCGGT AGAAGACCTCTGTCCTATCCA 483–541 1.000 67.7
trnR-UCU-atpA_p1 trnR-UCU-atpA GGTTCAAATCCTATTGGACGC GAGGAAGCAGAAGCCCTTTT 407–432 1.000 71.5
trnR-UCU-atpA_p2 trnR-UCU-atpA GGTTCAAATCCTATTGGACGC TTCACTGAGGAAGCAGAAGC 413–438 1.000 70.6
trnR-UCU-atpA_p3 trnR-UCU-atpA GGTTCAAATCCTATTGGACGC AGGAAGCAGAAGCCCTTTTG 406–431 1.000 69.1
trnR-UCU-atpA_p4 trnR-UCU-atpA GGTTCAAATCCTATTGGACGC GGAAGCAGAAGCCCTTTTGA 405–430 1.000 69.1
trnR-UCU-atpA_p5 trnR-UCU-atpA TGGATAGGACAGAGGTCTTCT GAGGAAGCAGAAGCCCTTTT 442–467 1.000 68.2
atpA-atpF_p1 atpA-atpF CCGTCGCCTACTTGAAGTAC TGTTTGGGACGCTGAAAGAA 200–205 1.000 80.9
atpA-atpF_p2 atpA-atpF CCGTCGCCTACTTGAAGTAC ATGTTTGGGACGCTGAAAGA 201–206 1.000 79.0
atpA-atpF_p3 atpA-atpF ACTTGAAGTACGGTACCGGT TGTTTGGGACGCTGAAAGAA 191–196 1.000 78.7
atpA-atpF_p4 atpA-atpF GTCGCCTACTTGAAGTACGG TGTTTGGGACGCTGAAAGAA 198–203 0.952 78.2
atpA-atpF_p5 atpA-atpF GTCGCCTACTTGAAGTACGG ATGTTTGGGACGCTGAAAGA 199–204 0.952 76.4

Result downloads

Reference species (21)

One GenBank record per species. Use the NCBI button to open the Nucleotide entry for the listed accession.

Species Accession Length (bp) Link
Betula alnoides MK610319.1 161022 View on NCBI ↗
Betula chichibuensis NC_047177.1 160791 View on NCBI ↗
Betula cordifolia NC_037473.1 160771 View on NCBI ↗
Betula costata MN830400.1 160547 View on NCBI ↗
Betula davurica NC_064121.1 160486 View on NCBI ↗
Betula ermanii NC_064120.1 160500 View on NCBI ↗
Betula fruticosa NC_064122.1 160455 View on NCBI ↗
Betula hainanensis NC_058835.1 161189 View on NCBI ↗
Betula halophila MG674393.1 160648 View on NCBI ↗
Betula lenta NC_039992.1 160618 View on NCBI ↗
Betula luminifera NC_068733.1 160757 View on NCBI ↗
Betula microphylla NC_057498.1 160489 View on NCBI ↗
Betula nana NC_033978.1 160579 View on NCBI ↗
Betula nigra OK509161.1 160804 View on NCBI ↗
Betula occidentalis NC_039993.1 160309 View on NCBI ↗
Betula ovalifolia NC_064119.1 160430 View on NCBI ↗
Betula pendula NC_072281.1 160552 View on NCBI ↗
Betula platyphylla NC_039994.1 161349 View on NCBI ↗
Betula populifolia NC_039995.1 160263 View on NCBI ↗
Betula utilis NC_069292.1 160701 View on NCBI ↗
Betula utilis subsp. albosinensis ON059925.1 160683 View on NCBI ↗